Ravens (Corvidae) are medium to large, robust songbirds with a strong beak and sturdy legs. They are very intelligent birds that learn quickly and are capable of solving complex tasks. They are social and enjoy gathering in flocks, in groups they search for food and roost together. Some species, for example jackdaw, raven, and rook, are nimble fliers. They are true acrobats. Other ravens, such as magpie and jay, flap their broad and short wings only over short distances, from tree to tree. Most ravens are residents and with the coming of winter they do not head to warmer places. However, populations that nest in the far north or northeast of Europe retreat somewhat to the southwest before severe frost.
The sexes are visually alike; in plumage black, white, gray and brown predominate. Ravens are omnivorous, feeding on seeds, nuts and other fruits, as well as insects, eggs, bird nestlings and other animals, and they do not shy away from carrion; they also find plenty of edible things in human refuse. A large nest made of twigs is built by most ravens high in the tree crown, while some nest on rocky ledges or crevices and in holes.
